Broken ankle-Broken ankle - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic (2024)

Overview

A broken or fractured ankle is an injury to the bone. You may experience a broken ankle from a twisting injury from a simple misstep or fall, or from direct trauma during a car crash, for example.

Broken ankle-Broken ankle - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic (1)

Foot and ankle bones

A fall or blow to your ankle can break one or more of the three bones in your ankle joint the fibula, the tibia and the talus. Rolling your ankle can cause a break in the knobby bumps at the end of the tibia and fibula.

The seriousness of a broken ankle varies. Fractures can range from tiny cracks in your bones to breaks that pierce your skin.

Treatment for a broken ankle depends on the exact site and severity of the bone fracture. A severely broken ankle may require surgery to implant plates, rods or screws into the broken bone to maintain proper position during healing.

Symptoms

If you have a broken ankle, you may experience some of the following signs and symptoms:

  • Immediate, throbbing pain
  • Swelling
  • Bruising
  • Tenderness
  • Deformity
  • Difficulty or pain with walking or bearing weight

When to see a doctor

See a doctor if there is obvious deformity, if the pain and swelling don't get better with self-care, or if the pain and swelling get worse over time. Also, see a doctor if the injury interferes with walking.

Request an appointment

Causes

A broken ankle is usually a result of a twisting injury, but can also be caused by a direct blow to the ankle.

The most common causes of a broken ankle include:

  • Car accidents. The crushing injuries common in car accidents may cause breaks that require surgical repair.
  • Falls. Tripping and falling can break bones in your ankles, as can landing on your feet after jumping down from just a slight height.
  • Missteps. Sometimes just putting your foot down wrong can result in a twisting injury that can cause a broken bone.

Risk factors

You may be at higher risk of a broken ankle if you:

  • Participate in high-impact sports. The stresses, direct blows and twisting injuries that occur in sports such as basketball, football, gymnastics, tennis and soccer can cause ankle fractures.
  • Use improper technique or sports equipment. Faulty equipment, such as shoes that are too worn or not properly fitted, can contribute to stress fractures and falls. Improper training techniques, such as not warming up and stretching, also can cause ankle injuries.
  • Suddenly increase your activity level. Whether you're a trained athlete or someone who's just started exercising, suddenly boosting the frequency or duration of your exercise sessions can increase your risk of a stress fracture.
  • Keep your home cluttered or poorly lit. Walking around in a house with too much clutter or too little light may lead to falls and ankle injuries.
  • Have certain conditions. Having decreased bone density (osteoporosis) can put you at risk of injuries to your ankle bones.
  • Smoking. Cigarette smoking can increase your risk of developing osteoporosis. Studies also show that healing after a fracture may take longer in people who smoke.

Complications

Complications of a broken ankle are uncommon but may include:

  • Arthritis. Fractures that extend into the joint can cause arthritis years later. If your ankle starts to hurt long after a break, see your doctor for an evaluation.
  • Bone infection (osteomyelitis). If you have an open fracture, meaning one end of the bone protrudes through the skin, your bone may be exposed to bacteria that cause infection.
  • Compartment syndrome. This condition can rarely occur with ankle fractures. It causes pain, swelling and sometimes disability in affected muscles of the legs.
  • Nerve or blood vessel damage. Trauma to the ankle can injure nerves and blood vessels, sometimes actually tearing them. Seek immediate attention if you notice any numbness or circulation problems. Lack of blood flow can cause a bone to die and collapse.

Prevention

These basic sports and safety tips may help prevent a broken ankle:

  • Wear proper shoes. Use hiking shoes on rough terrain. Choose appropriate athletic shoes for your sport.
  • Replace athletic shoes regularly. Discard sneakers as soon as the tread or heel wears out or if the shoes are wearing unevenly. If you're a runner, replace your sneakers every 300 to 400 miles.
  • Start slowly. That applies to a new fitness program and each individual workout.
  • Cross-train. Alternating activities can prevent stress fractures. Rotate running with swimming or biking.
  • Build bone strength. Get enough calcium and vitamin D. Calcium-rich foods include milk, yogurt and cheese. Ask your doctor if you need to take vitamin D supplements.
  • Declutter your house. Keeping clutter off the floor can help you to avoid trips and falls.
  • Strengthen your ankle muscles. If you are prone to twisting your ankle, ask your doctor for exercises to help strengthen the supporting muscles of your ankle.
Broken ankle-Broken ankle - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic (2024)

FAQs

Broken ankle-Broken ankle - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic? ›

Ankle fractures can be caused by various modes of trauma, e.g., twisting, impact, and crush injuries. Falling, tripping, or sports activities may cause twisting forces through the ankle. Impact injuries may result from falling from a height with impaction of the distal tibia and fibula against the talus.

What is the most common cause of a broken ankle? ›

Ankle fractures can be caused by various modes of trauma, e.g., twisting, impact, and crush injuries. Falling, tripping, or sports activities may cause twisting forces through the ankle. Impact injuries may result from falling from a height with impaction of the distal tibia and fibula against the talus.

How do you tell if your ankle is fractured or broken? ›

But if you have numbness or tingling, your ankle is most likely broken. Where is the pain? If your ankle hurts or is tender to the touch directly over your ankle bone, you probably have a fracture. If the pain is in the soft part of your ankle, it's more likely a sprain.

Is it possible to have a broken ankle and still walk? ›

Typically, a minor ankle fracture won't prevent you from walking. You might even be able to walk right after the injury. If you have a serious break, you'll need to avoid walking for a few months. As your ankle gets better, you can slowly return to your usual activities.

What do doctors do for a fractured ankle? ›

Ankle Fracture Fixation Surgery

If the fracture in your foot or ankle is displaced, or has caused misalignment of the bones, your orthopaedic surgeon will need to put the bones back into the correct position using specialized hardware such as plates, screws or pins.

Can a broken ankle cause problems later in life? ›

Complications of a broken ankle are uncommon but may include: Arthritis. Fractures that extend into the joint can cause arthritis years later. If your ankle starts to hurt long after a break, see your doctor for an evaluation.

Which part of the ankle is most likely to be fractured? ›

The most common fracture is to the bony bump on the outside of the ankle, the lateral malleolus. The lateral malleolus is the bottom of the fibula, the smaller lower leg bone. The bump on the inside of your ankle, the medial malleolus, is less commonly fractured.

Can you wiggle your toes with a broken ankle? ›

While this can sometimes be true, oftentimes, you may have a fractured ankle but can still wiggle your toes. What happens if I leave my ankle sprain untreated?

Can you still move your ankle if it's broken? ›

Common folklore says that if you can move it, it isn't broken, but that is not always the case. A broken ankle can be a combination of injuries to your bones and ligaments (the connectors between bones).

Can you walk on a hairline fracture ankle? ›

Should you walk on a hairline ankle fracture? No. Unfortunately, many people go about their normal routines while having hairline ankle fractures because they can't feel the injury. A small fracture might not hurt at first, or maybe the pain isn't enough to prompt you to see a doctor right away.

What not to do with a broken ankle? ›

not eat or drink anything in case you need surgery. not move or put weight on your ankle if possible.

Can you leave a broken ankle untreated? ›

Leaving an ankle injury untreated may result in more serious and lasting damage not only to the ankle, but to the leg and hip.

What is the fastest way to heal a broken ankle? ›

Physical therapy exercises can help speed your recovery from an ankle fracture after you receive treatment. Your doctor may recommend certain stretching and range-of-motion exercises to strengthen the muscles surrounding your ankle.

What will the hospital do for a fractured ankle? ›

Your doctor will decide how best to manage your bone fracture. This may be in a plaster cast, a boot, with surgery or a combination of these to help the bone to heal. Your doctor or physiotherapist will be able to guide you on how much weight to put through your ankle as it is healing.

What are the symptoms of a hairline fracture in the ankle? ›

Hairline fracture is characterized by pain in the affected area that tends to become extreme with time. Consider visiting an orthopedic specialist if you experience pain that becomes intense when exercising, but reduces when you rest. The affected area may also feel tender and appear swollen.

How to check for a broken ankle? ›

Tests
  1. X-rays. Most ankle fractures can be visualized on X-rays. ...
  2. Bone scan. A bone scan can help your doctor diagnose fractures that don't show up on X-rays. ...
  3. Computerized tomography (CT). ...
  4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Do Broken ankles ever fully heal? ›

Most simple fractures heal well with immobilization and non-weight-bearing activity. You can expect most ankle fractures depending on how severe they are, to take 4-8 weeks for the bones to heal completely and up to several months to regain full use and range of motion of the joint.

What are the worst ankle breaks? ›

A trimalleolar ankle fracture is when your ankle breaks in three separate places. Only 7% of all ankle breaks are trimalleolar ankle fractures. They are rare, and they are among the worst kinds of ankle fractures.

Is a broken ankle very painful? ›

If you fractured your ankle, you will likely experience immediate, sharp pain and possible swelling. Additional symptoms include: Pain that spreads throughout the foot and up your leg, toward your knee. Intensifying pain if you try to bear weight on your foot.

Is a fractured ankle worse than a break? ›

A fracture and a broken bone are the same injury. To your physician, these words can be used interchangeably. While there are many types of fractures, or broken bones, there are other ways to describe fractures that give more specific meaning to the problem.

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