Organ-System Toxicity Archives (2024)

FAQs

Which two organs of our body are most susceptible to drug toxicity? ›

The liver and kidneys are common organs affected by chemical toxicity. The kidneys are responsible for the filtration of the blood, so it is not surprising that deleterious agents in the blood may accumulate there.

The internal organs most commonly affected are the liver, kidneys, heart, nervous system (including the brain), and reproductive system. A toxic chemical may cause local effects, systemic effects, or both.

The central nervous system is the target organ of toxicity most frequently involved in systemic effects. The blood circulation system, liver, kidneys, lungs and skin follow in frequency of systemic effects. Muscle and bones are the target organs for a few substances.

Substances are classified in Category 2 for specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) on the basis of observations from appropriate studies in experimental animals in which significant toxic effects, of relevance to human health, were produced at generally moderate exposure concentrations.

The Liver and Its Functions. The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. It removes toxins from the body's blood supply, maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs hundreds of other vital functions. It is located beneath the rib cage in the right upper abdomen.

The most poisonous part of your body is probably your liver - more specifically, the fat-soluble vitamin A that is stored there. Your liver stores it in a safe form, and releases it and its breakdown products in a controlled manner for use by your body.

Adipose tissue is a known reservoir for toxins, and ironically, these toxins may have contributed to weight gain in the first place. However, the storage of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in adipose tissue can prevent its build-up in other organs, therefore protecting against the otherwise toxic effects of POPs.

We recommend monitoring and using medications optimally to ensure patient safety. ... The system most affected by ADRs was found to be GI system (47.5%) followed by immune system [7, 8]. Our study showed that neurological system was the most affected due to DRPs followed by gastrointestinal system. ...

The brain is arguably the most important organ in the human body. It controls and coordinates actions and reactions, allows us to think and feel, and enables us to have memories and feelings-all the things that make us human.

Which is the most vulnerable for organ system damage? ›

Answer and Explanation: The embryo is the most vulnerable to organ systems damage, especially during the early three months of development of pregnancy. During the time of development, the organism does cell division through the process of mitosis, and in this way, the organism is highly vulnerable to damage.

The major sites of absorption of ingested poisons are the stomach and the small intestine, with most of the absorption taking place in the latter. The intestine has a greater blood supply and a much larger surface area.

Category 1, the highest toxicity category, has cut off values of 5 mg/kg by the oral route, 50 mg/kg by the dermal route, 100 ppm for gases or gaseous vapours, 0.5 mg/l for vapours, and 0.05 mg/l for dusts and mists.

Define organ toxicity. Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).

STOT SE (Specific Target Organ Toxicity – Single Exposure)

Classification for STOT SE category 3 addresses specifically narcotic effects and irritation of the respiratory tract.

This chapter deals with target organ toxicity such as liver, kidney, heart, lungs, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, reproductive, and endocrine system. Toxic responses may vary according to various factors, or the previous or concomitant exposure to several foreign compounds.

The liver is the main organ of drug metabolism, so it is the most vulnerable to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (1, 2). Liver-related ADR (L-ADR) is one of the most common severe ADR in clinical settings and may lead to liver failure and even death (3, 4).

Disease states that influence drug toxicity include kidney or liver disease, and allergies. Drug–drug, drug–supplement, and drug–food interactions can contribute to toxicity as well.

Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.