Sprains and strains are common injuries affecting the muscles and ligaments. They can happen to anyone but are common in people who play sports. Most can be treated at home without seeing a GP.
Check if you have a sprain or strain
It's likely to be a sprain or strain if:
- you have pain, tenderness or weakness – often around your ankle, foot, wrist, thumb, knee, leg or back
- the injured area is swollen or bruised
- you can't put weight on the injury or use it normally
- you have muscle spasms or cramping – where your muscles painfully tighten on their own
Treating sprains and strains yourself
For the first couple of days, follow the five steps known as PRICE therapy to help bring down swelling and support the injury:
Protection
Protect from further injury (for example by using a support or high-top, lace-up shoes).
Rest
Avoid activity for the first 48 to 72 hours following injury.
Ice
Apply ice wrapped in a damp towel for 15 to 20 minutes every two to threehours during the day for the first 48 to 72 hours following the injury. This should not be left on whilst the person is asleep.
Compression
Compress with a simple elastic bandage or elasticated tubular bandage, which should be snug but not tight, to help control swelling and support the injury. This should be removed before going to sleep.
Elevation
Keep the injured area elevated and supported on a pillow until the swelling is controlled. If the symptoms are in a leg, elevating the leg for long periods of time should be avoided
To avoid HARM in the first 72 hours after the injury - avoid the following:
- Heat - for example hot baths, saunas, and heat packs
- Alcohol - increases bleeding and swelling and decreases healing
- Running - or any other form of exercise which may cause further damage
- Massage - may increase bleeding and swelling
When you can move the injured area without pain stopping you, try to keep moving it so the joint or muscle doesn't become stiff.
After two weeks, most sprains and strains will feel better. Avoid strenuous exercise such as running for up to eight weeks, as there's a risk of further damage. Severe sprains and strains can take months to get back to normal.
When to seek medical help
If your injury is not very severe you should speak with a pharmacist about the best treatment for you. They might suggest:
- tablets
- a cream or gel you rub on the skin
Painkillers like paracetamol will ease the pain and ibuprofen will bring down the swelling. You shouldn’t take ibuprofen for 48 hours after your injury as it may slow down healing.
You should see a GP if:
- you also have a very high temperature or feel hot and shivery
These could be signs of an infection.
Go to a minor injuries unit if:
- the injury isn't feeling any better after treating it yourself
- the pain or swelling is getting worse
You may be given self-care advice or prescribed a stronger painkiller.
If you need an X-ray it might be possible to have one at the unit or you may be referred to hospital.
Go to the emergencydepartment or call 999 if:
- you heard a crack when you had your injury
- the injured body part has changed shape
- the injury is numb, discoloured or cold to touch
You may have broken a bone and will need an X-ray.
Physiotherapy for sprains and strains
If you have a sprain or strain that's taking longer than usual to get better, your GP may decide to refer you to a physiotherapist.
Physiotherapy waiting times can be long. You can also get it privately.
Helping to prevent sprains and strains
Sprains and strains happen when you place too much force on a joint, or overstretch/twist a muscle. Not warming up before exercising, tired muscles and playing sport beyond what you are used to, are common causes.
More useful links
The information on this page has been adapted from original content from the NHS website.
For further information seeterms and conditions.
