Treating Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
About 5 to 15 percent of STEC infections lead to the potentially life-threatening complication called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). With HUS, the destruction of red blood cells leads to kidney failure, which then causes toxic substances to accumulate in the blood (a complication called uremia). Young children, the elderly, individuals with compromised immune systems, and those on antibiotics to treat their E. coli infection are most at risk. (6)
In general, HUS develops about one week after symptoms first appear — and once diarrhea has started to clear. Those who have HUS will initially experience symptoms similar to an E.coli intestinal infection, including vomiting, fatigue, and bloody diarrhea. (6)
Left untreated, HUS can cause numerous symptoms, such as bruising, pale skin, and jaundice. Other signs of HUS include decreased urination and, sometimes, seizures. (7)
HUS requires prompt medical treatment. This may include:
- Fluid Replacement Lost fluid and electrolytes must be carefully replaced intravenously (IV).
- Blood Transfusion IV red blood cell transfusions help reverse symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath.
- Platelet Transfusion If an individual is bleeding, IV platelet transfusions can help blood clot normally.
- Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis) Here, plasma is cleared from the blood and then replaced with donor plasma.
- Kidney Dialysis This is used to temporarily take over the kidneys’ job of filtering waste and extra fluid from the body. (7)
Most people with HUS who receive appropriate treatment in a timely manner experience a full recovery, especially children. Still, some do have lasting kidney damage. If that occurs, a healthcare professional may recommend, among other follow-up treatments, medication to lower blood pressure and help mitigate further kidney damage. (7)
