Sports Medicine: Ankle Dislocation or Subluxation (2024)

The ankle joint is made up of two lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) and a foot bone (talus). A dislocation is an injury to a joint causing the bones to no longer meet together correctly. In the ankle, this can occur when the talus no longer is in position with the tibia and fibula. A subluxation is a partial dislocation. When an ankle is subluxed or dislocated, the ligaments are often stretched or torn, and there may be a break in the bone.

Signs and Symptoms

sudden joint pain, swelling and bruising
unable to bear weight
a deformed looking ankle with limited or no movement in the foot or ankle

Increased Risk

repeated injury to the ankle like previous ankle sprain(s)
contact sports or sports that require side-to-side movements and jumping (football, basketball, soccer)
having dislocated the ankle in the past
shoes not having enough support
looseness of joints and ligaments

Treatment

Medicine
- Anti-inflammatory medicines, such as ibuprofen (Motrin® or Advil®) or naproxen (Aleve®) may be recommended. Take these as directed by your health care provider.
- Other minor pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®), may be used.
- Muscle relaxers or anesthesia may be needed to allow the muscles to relax and decrease pain.
Use of cold and heat
- Cold should be applied for 10 to 15 minutes every 2 to 3 hours and after any activity that makes symptoms worse. Use ice packs or an ice massage.
- Heat should not be used on a new injury but may be used before doing stretching and strengthening activities prescribed by your health care provider or athletic trainer. Use a heat pack or a warm soak. Apply for 10 to 15 minutes.
Once the joint has been reduced (put back in place) x-rays should be done to look for broken bones.
Orthopedic aids
- A cast or walking boot may be recommended to hold the ankle in place, keep it from moving, and allow the swelling to go down.
Surgery may be needed for more severe injuries and complex fractures.
Rehabilitation will be needed following immobilization or surgery to reduce swelling and regain motion, strength, and balance. This should be done under supervision of a physical therapist or athletic trainer.

How to Prevent

Do correct warm-up and stretching before activity.
Wear protective equipment and support (ankle brace).
Use proper technique during running, cutting and jumping.
Maintain good conditioning, flexibility, muscle strength, endurance and cardiovascular fitness.